![]() Using Open. CV | Springer. Link. The methods shown in this section and some of the scripts are based on the work of Phillip Wagner in article “Gender Classification with Open. CV,” which you can find at http: //docs. Phillip Wagner kindly granted permission for the code adaptation and the techniques explored, keeping all the code under the BSD licenses as his original work in this book. The idea is that you take pictures with the webcam, and Intel Galileo will try to describe your emotional state. You need to create a database with images of you showing each emotional state.
This database will contain images that use specific algorithms explained later. These images are used as references to allow Intel Galileo to determine your emotions while you look at the webcam through a model named fisherface. The database in this chapter is based on my face, but there are instructions for recreating the database based on your face. If you run the program using this section, there is a remote chance that it will recognize your emotions (if you are lucky enough to look like me). Okay, if you look like me, you are not necessarily lucky (ha ha). Preparing the Desktop. You need to create a database with a few pictures of you. The process for generating this database is explained in detail in conjunction with some scripts that run in Python. It’s necessary to have Python installed on your computer, with the pillow and setuptools modules installed. Pillow is used to treat images using Python scripts and setuptools is a dependence that pillow requests. 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The Nord Sound Manager software lets you easily organize and backup the memory of your Nord instrument. EXTENDED Features With the new Nord Sound Manager 6 we. OSX. You will also need an image editor because it’s necessary to take some pictures of your face with different emotions and identify the coordinates of the center of each of your eyes. You can use Paint in Windows, Gimp on Linux/OSX and Windows, or any other software that allows you to move the mouse cursor in the image and obtain the coordinates. You can download Gimp from http: //www. Creating the Database. Follow these steps to create the database. Obtain the initial images. Crop the images. 3. Organize the images in directories. Create the CSV file. Let’s look at each step in more detail. Obtaining the Initial Images. This example uses three emotions—happy, sad, and surprised. Basic Tips & Tricks DOPSoft Manual HMI Getting Started eRemote Tutorial eserver Tutorial eServer Tutorial II eServer Tutorial III ISPSoft and DOPSoft Tag managment. That means the database must contain at least three pictures of you of each state. Such pictures must be obtained using your webcam. It doesn’t matter if you obtain the images with Intel Galileo using the code examples described previously, or if you connect the webcam to your computer and take the pictures using other software. The most important thing is to take at least three pictures of each emotion—sad, surprised, and happy—totalizing nine pictures. I recommend you take these pictures at a resolution of 1. The images will be cropped and reduced and it is important to maintain the images with good definition after these changes. In the initial_pictures subfolder of the code folder of this chapter, there are some pictures of me of each emotion. For each picture the pixel coordinates of the center of my eyes were taken—see Table 7- 2. Table 7- 2. Central Coordinate of Each Eye on Each Emotional State. Be expressive when you take the pictures. Otherwise, it will be more difficult for the program to guess your emotional states. Cropping the Images. The next step is to crop the images, removing the ears and hair, and try to generate 2. The Python script that was initially created for gender classification was adapted to emotion classification, as shown in Listing 7- 5. Listing 7- 5. align_faces. Software License Agreement (BSD License)## Copyright (c) 2. Philipp Wagner# All rights reserved.## Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions# are met: ## * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided# with the distribution.# * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived# from this software without specific prior written permission.## THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE# COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,# BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; # LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN# ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.## Manoel Ramon 0. Imagedef Distance(p. Scale. Rotate. Translate(image, angle, center = None, new_center = None, scale = None, resample=Image. BICUBIC): if (scale is None) and (center is None): return image. Image. AFFINE, (a,b,c,d,e,f), resample=resample)def Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(0,0), eye_right=(0,0), offset_pct=(0. Distance(eye_left, eye_right) # calculate the reference eye- width reference = dest_sz[0] - 2. Scale. Rotate. Translate(image, center=eye_left, angle=rotation) # crop the rotated image crop_xy = (eye_left[0] - scale*offset_h, eye_left[1] - scale*offset_v) crop_size = (dest_sz[0]*scale, dest_sz[1]*scale) image = image. Image. ANTIALIAS) return imageif __name__ == "__main__": #Serious_0. Image. open("serious_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. Serious_0. 2. jpg#left - > 5. Image. open("serious_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. Serious_0. 3. jpg#left - > 5. Image. open("serious_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. Smile_0. 1. jpg#left - > 5. Image. open("smile_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. Smile_0. 2. jpg#left - > 5. Image. open("smile_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. Smile_0. 3. jpg#left - > 5. Image. open("smile_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. Image. open("surprised_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. Image. open("surprised_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. Image. open("surprised_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. If you use the same filenames in your pictures, the only thing that you must change are the coordinates of your eyes for each picture. Then you copy the script into the same folder your pictures are in and run this in the computer shell: mcramon@ubuntu: ∼/tmp/opencv/emotion/mypics$python align_faces. A series of images with the suffix _2. If you use different filenames and a different number of pictures, you need to change the script accordingly. Do not worry about the details of this code; only keep in mind that this script uses the pillow module to create an image object that, using the Crop. Face() function, crops the image according to the scale reduction. For example, to crop the image file surprised_0. Image. open("surprised_0. Crop. Face(image, eye_left=(5. As a result, all the images will contain only your face, as shown in Figure 7- 1. Figure 7- 1. 2. Emotion pictures cropped. The next step is to transfer these cropped images to Intel Galileo. A quick way to do that if you are using Linux, Mac. OSX, or Windows Cygwin and have Intel Galileo with a valid IP address on your network is to use scp. Run the following in the command line in the directory containing your images: mcramon@ubuntu: ∼/tmp/opencv/emotion/mypics$for i in $(ls *2. All the images are transferred to the /home/root directory. INFINITY BEST DONGLE - EASY SERVICE TOOL FOR NOKIA (LUMIA 6. November 2. 01. 5 Infinity- Box Nokia [BEST] v. USB Flashing improved. WP8x: Boot Repair improved for V1 models. MTKx: Flash. Engine updated and revised. MTKx: Flash. Loaders updated to latest. MTKx: New Nokia Media. Tek MT6. 26. 0s support: Nokia 2. SS, Nokia 2. 30. DS. Flashing support only original NMP files! Supported flashing modes: Language Change, Full Flashing, Repair Mode Flashing. Support New Models, based on Media. Tek MT6. 26. 0s: RM- 1. RM- 1. 17. 3 (Nokia 2. DS] / Nokia 2. 30[SS]). Some other bugfixes and improvements. Service operations improved. MTKx: Initial 2. 30[SS]/2. DS] support for the following operations. Format FS (Reset Settings). RPL read / RPL Write. MTKx: RPL operations improved: Nokia 2. Fast. RPL mode). MTKx: Reset Sim. Lock counters improved (Nokia 2. MTKx: Life. Timer Edit and Reset revised (support new FW versions and latest models). SPUnlock operations improved. Nokia 2. 22 supported for SPUnlock (only 1. NCK). User Data Operations improved. MTKx: Safe User. Code Reset supported for 2. SS]/2. 30[DS] (Without any byte of User. Data Lost!). MTKx: RM- 1. RM- 1. 13. 7 (Nokia 2. Phone. Book extraction supported! MTKx: Phone. Book extraction revised for new SW versions. Navi. Manager updated. Database revised. All latest Lumia and MTKx firmwares included ! From now need download Navi. Manager. DB from support as separate installer for activate latest models and FW versions! Ini updated and revised. Stuff files updated. Some bugfixes and improvements at all. October 2. 01. 5 Infinity- Box Nokia [BEST] v. USB Flashing improved. WP8x: Boot Repair Engine updated. MTKx: Support latest Flash. Update package. MTKx: Flash Engine revised. MTKx: FAT image flashing enabled (Nokia 2. MTKx: RPL backup removed during flashing, use separate "Read RPL" function! Service operations improved. WP8x: Service operations revised. MTKx: Format. FS /Reset. Settings revised, now procedure also repair NK2. MTKx: RPL operations COMPLETELY revised. No need 2- step writing procedure any more. Faster and simplier. MTKx: New Self. Test supported - Earpiece, RTC, BTModule, Audio, Charge. MTKx: Life. Timer Edit and Reset enabled. Allow set any need value for Life. Timer or Reset it to zero. Most of Dual. Sim phones not have *#war. SPUnlock operations improved. MTKx: "NCK Code Send" feature released, support 1. User Data Operations improved. MTKx: Phone. Book extraction revised for new SW versions. MTKx: User. Code reading revised for new SW versions. Navi. Manager updated. Database revised. All latest Lumia and MTKx firmwares included! From now need download Navi. Manager. DB from support as separate installer for activate latest models and FW versions! SX4 server updated and back to work (Lumia, XG2. BB5 New. Hash ). Stuff files updated. Some bugfixes and improvements at all. Navi. Base is not included in main installer ! Download and install separate Navi. Base package - Infinity. Box_update_BEST_Navi. Base_v. 1. 0. 1. 3. April 2. 01. 5 Infinity- Box Nokia [BEST] v. USB Flashing improved. WP8x: Flash. Engine updated. MTKx: Flash. Engine updated and revised. MTKx: Flash. Loaders updated to latest. MTKx: New Nokia Media. Tek MT6. 26. 0s support: Nokia 2. Nokia 2. 22. DS. Flashing support only original NMP files ! Supported flashing modes: Language. Change , Full Flashing , Repair Mode Flashing. Support New Models, based on Media. Tek MT6. 26. 0s: RM- 1. RM- 1. 13. 7 ( Nokia 2. SS] / Nokia 2. 22[DS] ). Some other bugfixes and improvements. MTKx: Initial 2. 22 [SS] / 2. DS] support for the following operations. Format FS (Reset Settings). RPL read / RPL Write. WP8x: Service Operations revised. User Data Operations improved. MTKx: Safe User. Code Reset supported for 2. SS]/2. 22[DS] (Without any byte of User. Data Lost!). MTKx: Phone. Book extraction improved. MTKx: Phone. Book restore file create revised. Asha. Os: XG2. 21 and XG6. Phone. Book extraction improved (Forensic and Direct mode). Navi. Manager updated. Database revised. All latest Lumia, Asha and MTKx firmwares included! Latest ENOSW packages included for WP8x phones. New models included. RM- 1. 13. 5: Nokia 1. New [SS] MT6. 26. RM- 1. 13. 6: Nokia 2. DS] MT6. 26. 0s. RM- 1. Nokia 2. 22[SS] MT6. Ini updated and revised. Stuff files updated. Some bugfixes and improvements at all. July 2. 01. 5 Infinity- Box Nokia [BEST] v. USB Flashing improved. MTKx: Flash. Engine updated and revised. MTKx: Nokia Media. Tek MT6. 26. 1s support improved. MTKx: Full MT6. 26. Format FS (Reset Settings). RPL read / Write. Its strongly recommend to use v. Nokia 1. 05 ! Reset Unlock Counter. MTKx: SP- unlock supported for MT6. Nokia phones. Unlock via Server. Support 1. 5 digit only phones. MTKx: Full MT6. 26. Safe User. Code Reset supported. Phone. Book extraction. MTKx: Phone. Book extraction revised. MTKx: "Restore Phone. Book" function released. Allow restore Phone. Book to MTKx Nokia phones. BB5/XG: Improved "S4. Forensic" mode extraction. Navi. Manager updated. Database revised. All latest Lumia, Asha and MTKx firmwares included. Ini updated and revised. Some bugfixes and improvements at all. July 2. 01. 5 Infinity- Box Nokia [BEST] v. Nokia Media. Tek MT6. Support and more. USB Flashing improved. MTKx: Flash. Engine updated and revised. MTKx: Flash. Loaders updated to latest. MTKx: Initial Nokia Media. Tek MT6. 26. 1s support. Flashing support only original NMP files. Supported flashing modes: Language. Change, Full Flashing, Repair Mode Flashing. Supported Models, based on Media. Tek MT6. 26. 1s: RM- 1. RM- 1. 13. 4, RM- 1. Nokia 1. 05 NEW SS/DS). Some other bugfixes and improvements. Service operations improved. MTKx: Initial MT6. Format FS (Reset Settings). WP8x: RPL and NVM/NVI operations revised. User Data Operations improved. MTKx: Safe User. Code Reset supported for MT6. User. Data lost. MTKx: Phone. Book extraction revised for some FW versions. Navi. Manager updated. Database revised. All latest Lumia, Asha and MTKx firmwares included. New models in list. RM- 1. 13. 3: Nokia 1. New [SS]. RM- 1. 13. Nokia 1. 05 New [DS]. RM- 1. 04. 1: MS Lumia 7. Verizon]. Ini updated and revised. Stuff files updated. Some bugfixes and improvements at all. June 2. 01. 5 Infinity- Box Nokia [BEST] v. USB Flashing improved. WP8x: Flash Engine updated. Skip battery level check" option activated. Some other bugfixes and improvements. Service operations improved. WP8x: NVI/NVM writing activated. WP8x: WP8x Test Mode Init revised, new models supported. User Data Operations improved. Direct Phone. Book extraction ( From Phone ) supported for Nokia Asha. OS series. Supported platforms: XG6. XG2. 21, XG2. 23 Asha. OS. Nokia 2. 30: RM- 9. RM- 9. 87. Nokia 5. RM- 9. 34, RM- 9. RM- 9. 73. Nokia 5. RM- 8. 99, RM- 9. RM- 9. 02, RM- 9. Nokia 5. 02: RM- 9. Nokia 5. 03: RM- 9. RM- 9. 22, RM- 9. RM- 9. 58, RM- 9. XG6. 18 Asha. OS: Fixed User. Data extraction from Flash. Dump. XG2. 21/XG2. Asha. OS: Fixed User. Data extraction from Phone (Direct). Phone. Book extraction ( From Dump ) supported for Nokia Asha. OS series. Supported platforms: XG6. XG2. 21 Asha. OS. Nokia 2. 30: RM- 9. RM- 9. 87. Nokia 5. RM- 9. 34, RM- 9. RM- 9. 73. Nokia 5. RM- 9. 20, RM- 9. RM- 9. 47, RM- 9. RM- 9. 59. Asha. OS: Phone. Book data output format: CSV (Google/MSOutlook format)/Mult. VCF/Single. VCF. MTKx: Phone. Book data output format changed to: CSV (Google/MSOutlook format). MTKx: Fixed User. Code reading on some new FWs versions. Navi. Manager updated. Database revised. Some bugfixes with model selection and product open after download. All latest Lumia, Asha and MTKx firmwares included. New models included. RM- 1. 14. 0: MS Lumia 5. DS]. RM- 1. 14. 1: MS Lumia 5. DS]. New products with ENOSW support, included in Navi. Manager. Lumia 9. RM- 9. 27. Lumia 6. XL: RM- 1. 06. 2, RM- 1. RM- 1. 06. 4, RM- 1. RM- 1. 09. 6. Lumia 6. RM- 1. 07. 4, RM- 1. RM- 1. 10. 9, RM- 1. Lumia 4. 32: RM- 1. Lumia 5. 40: RM- 1. RM- 1. 14. 1. Ini updated and revised. Stuff files updated. Some bugfixes and improvements at all. April 2. 01. 5 Infinity- Box Nokia [BEST] v. USB flashing improved. WP8x : Flash Engine updated. WP8x : Boot Repair Engine updated.
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![]() Introduction to Modern Literary Theory. Psychoanalytic. Criticism. The. application of specific psychological principles (particularly. Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. KAWN]) to the study of literature. Psychoanalytic criticism may focus on the writer's psyche, the. Wellek and Warren, p. In. addition to Freud and Lacan, major figures include. Shoshona Felman, Jane Gallop, Norman Holland, George Klein, Elizabeth. Wright, Frederick Hoffman, and, Simon Lesser. Key. Terms: Unconscious. Freud's. model of the psyche: Id. The id houses. the libido, the source of psychosexual energy. Ego. - mostly to partially (< -- a point of debate) conscious. Superego. - often thought of as one's "conscience"; the superego. Bressler. - see General Resources below). Lacan's. model of the psyche: Imaginary. Symbolic. - the stage marking a child's entrance into language (the. Lacanian theory. represents cultural norms, laws, language, and power (the. Real. - an unattainable stage representing all that a person is. Both Lacan and his critics argue whether. Further. references: Elliott. Anthony. Psychoanalytic Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell, 1. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. See chapter 5. Ellmann. Maud, ed. Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism. London. Longman, 1. Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. Gay. Peter, ed. The Freud Reader. London: Vintage, 1. Jefferson, Anne and David Robey. Modern Literary Theory. A Comparative Introduction. See Chapter 5. Lacan. Jacques. Ecrits: A Selection. Sarup. Madan. Jacques Lacan. London: Harvester, Wheatsheaf. Weber, Samuel. The Legend of Freud. See also the works of Harold Bloom, Shoshona Felman, Juliet. Mitchell, Geoffrey Hartman, and Stuart Schniederman. Suggested Websites: Marxism. A. sociological approach to literature that viewed works of literature. In Marxist ideology, what we often classify as a world view (such. Victorian age) is actually the articulations of the dominant. Marxism generally focuses on the clash between the dominant. Contemporary Marxism is much broader in its focus, and views art. The Frankfurt School is also associated with. Marxism (Abrams, p. Childers and Hentzi, pp. Major. figures include Karl Marx, Terry Eagleton, Fredric Jameson. Raymond Williams, Louis Althusser (ALT- whos- sair), Walter Benjamin. MEEN), Antonio Gramsci (GRAWM- shee), Georg Lukacs (lou- KOTCH). Friedrich Engels, Theordor Adorno (a- DOR- no), Edward Ahern. Gilles Deleuze (DAY- looz) and Felix Guattari (GUAT- eh- ree). Key. Terms(note: definitions below taken from Ann. B. Dobie's text, Theory into Practice: An Introduction to. Literary Criticism - see General Resources below): Commodificaion. Conspicuous. consumption - "the obvious acquisition of things. Dialectical. materialism - "the theory that history develops. For example, class conflicts. Material. circumstances - "the economic conditions underlying. To understand social events, one must have a grasp. Reflectionism. - associated with Vulgar Marxism - "a theory that the superstructure. Superstructure. - "The social, political, and ideological systems and institutions- -for. Further. references: Cathouse. Louis. Lenin and Ideology. New York: Monthly Review. P, 1. 97. 1. Cary. Nelson, and Lawrence Gross berg, eds. Marxism and the. Interpretation of Culture. London: Macmillan, 1. Bullock. Chris and David Peck. Guide to Marxist Criticism. Eagleton. Terry. Criticism and Ideology. New York: Schocken. Jay. Martin. Marxism and Totality. Berkeley: U of California. P, 1. 93. 5. Jameson. Fredric. Marxism and Form: Twentieth- Century Dialectical. Theories of Literature. Princeton: PUP, 1. Jefferson, Anne and David Robey. Modern Literary Theory. A Comparative Introduction. See chapter 6. Williams. Raymond. Marxism and Literature. Oxford: OUP, 1. 97. See. also the works of Walter Benjamin, Tony Bennett, Terry Eagleton. John Frow, Georg Lukacs, Pierre Macherey, Michael Ryan, and. Ronald Taylor. Suggested Websites: Postcolonialism. Literally. postcolonialism refers to the period following the decline of. European. empires. Although the term postcolonialism generally. In its use as a critical approach, postcolonialism. European empires, and their. Makaryk 1. 55 - see General. Resources below). Among the many challenges facing postcolonial. Edward Said, for example. Orientalism to describe the discourse about the. East constructed by the West. Major. figures. include Edward Said (sah- EED), Homi Bhabha (bah- bah), Frantz Fanon. NAWN), Gayatri Spivak, Chinua Achebe (ah- CHAY- bay) , Wole. Soyinka, Salman Rushdie, Jamaica Kincaid, and Buchi Emecheta. Key. Terms: Alterity. Diaspora. (d. I- ASP- er- ah- "is used (without capitalization) to refer. Wikipedia). Eurocentrism. European (and, generally, Western) concerns, culture and. It is an instance. Dictionary. Labor. Law. Talk. com)Hybridity. The assimilation and adaptation. Dr. John Lye - see General Literary. Theory Websites below). Imperialism. - "the policy of extending the control or authority over. The term is used by some to describe. Dictionary. Labor. Law. Talk. com). Further. Ashcroft. Bill, Griffiths, and Tiffin, Helen. The Empire Writes. Back: Theory and Practice in Post- Colonial Literatures Ashcroft. Bill. Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin, eds. The Post- Colonial. Studies Reader. Guneratne. Anthony R. The Virtual Spaces of Postcoloniality: Rushdie. Ondaatje, Naipaul, Bakhtin and the Others. Harding. Sandra and Uma Narayan, ed. Border Crossings: Multicultural. Postcolonial Feminist Challenges to Philosophy 2. Indiana University Press, 1. Fanon. Frantz, Black Skin. White Masks. Trans. Charles. Lam Markmann. London: Pluto, 1. Said. Edward. Orientalism. Soyinka, Wole. Myth, Literature, and the African World. Spivak. Gayatri Chakravorty. In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural. Politics. London: Routledge, 1. Spivak. Gayatri Chakravorty. The Post- Colonial Critic: Interviews. Strategies, Dialogues. Ed. Sarah Harasym. London: Routledge. Trinh. T. Minh- Ha, Woman. Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality. Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. See writings of Jamaica Kincaid, Nadine Gordimer, Wole Soyinka. R. K. Narayan, Yasunari Kawabata, Anita Desai, Frantz Fanon. Kazuo Ishiguro, Chinea Acheve, J. M. Coetzee, Anthol Fugard. Kamala Das, Tsitsi Dangarembga, etc. Suggested. Websites: Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy (promoted especially by Jean- Paul. Sartre and Albert Camus) that views each person as an isolated. A person's. life, then, as it moves from the nothingness from which it came. Guerin). In a world without. Sartre viewed. as human beings central dilemma: "Man [woman] is condemned. In contrast to atheist existentialism, Søren. Kierkegaard theorized that belief in God (given that we are provided. The major figures include Søren. Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Jean- Paul. Sartre (sart or SAR- treh), Albert Camus (kah- MUE or ka- MOO) . Simone de Beauvoir (bohv- WAHR) , Martin Buber, Karl Jaspers (YASS- pers). Maurice Merleau- Ponty (mer- LOH pawn- TEE). Key. Terms: Absurd. Authenticity. - to make choices based on an individual code of ethics. A choice. made just because "it's what people do" would be considered. Leap. of faith" - although Kierkegaard acknowledged. Christianity would also lessen the despair. Further. references: Barrett. William. Irrational Man: A Study in Existential Philosophy. Camus. Albert. The Stranger. Cooper. D. Existentialism, Oxford: Blackwell, 1. Hannay. A. Kierkegaard, London: Routledge, 1. Heidegger. Martin. Being and Time. Tr. John Macquarrie and Edward. Robinson. New York: Harper and Row, 1. Kierkegaard, Søren. Fear and Trembling. Lentricchia. Frank. After the New Criticism. See chapter 3. Marcel. G. The Philosophy of Existentialism, New York: Citadel. Press, 1. 96. 8. Moran. R. Authority and Estrangement: An Essay on Self Knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2. Nietzsche, Fredrich. Beyond Good and Evil. Ricoeur. P. Oneself as Another. Tr. Kathleen Blamey. Chicago. University of Chicago Press, 1. Sartre. Jean- Paul. Existentialism and Humanism and Being. Nothingness. Taylor. Entertainment News - Los Angeles Times. Kenneth Turan. The theaters had wonderful, even poetic names: the Azteca, the Teatro Electrico, the Mayan, the California, the Roosevelt, the Mason and the Million Dollar. But though many of them have disappeared, the films they specialized in for decades are, "Brigadoon" style, making a surprising comeback in.. ![]() 1 I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul. L.A. 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Rinnovo economico costo rinnovo patente rinnovo uncino di gel ricostruzione unghie stadio del RUFFINI VANDERBILT applicazioni dos esecuzioni iraq esecuzione di. Venesia[2] [veˈnɛzi̯a] oder [veˈnɛzja]) ist eine Stadt im Nordosten Italiens. Sie ist die Hauptstadt der Region Venetien, Metropolitanstadt Venedig und trägt den Beinamen La Serenissima („Die Durchlauchtigste“).[3] Ihr historisches Zentrum (centro storico) liegt auf einigen größeren Inseln in der Lagune von Venedig. ![]() Die Gesamtfläche Venedigs beträgt 4. Wasserflächen.[4] Am 3. Dezember 2. 01. 5 zählte die Stadt 2. Einwohner, davon 1. Stadtteilen auf dem Festland, 5. Zentrum und 2. 9. Al fine di migliorare la tua esperienza di navigazione, questo sito utilizza i cookie di profilazione di terze parti. Chiudendo questo banner o accedendo ad un. Etimologia del termine. La parola italiana libro deriva dal latino liber. Il vocabolo originariamente significava anche "corteccia", ma visto che era un materiale. Architettura e Urbanistica, Arredamento, Antiquariato, Artisti, Collezionismo, Design, Fotografia, Moda, Pittura, Scultura, Grafica Comunicazione e Marketing, E. L’estate è un momento molto importante e delicato della vita degli studenti che hanno terminato le scuole superiori perché devono scegliere se proseguire gli. Venedig (italienisch Venezia [veˈnɛʦːi̯a], venezianisch Venesia [veˈnɛzi̯a] oder [veˈnɛzja]) ist eine Stadt im Nordosten Italiens. Sie ist die Hauptstadt. Crotone Inter. Crotone-Inter 0-2, Skriniar e Perisic regalano la vetta solitaria a.Crotone-Inter 0-2, Skriniar-Perisic in gol, Spalletti è solo in vetta. 150 ore di dirittto allo studio per i lavoratori della scuola. Il SISA si batte da sempre per la piena applicazione del diritto allo studio, tutti i docenti e gli ATA. Maestro Roberto: Il blog documenta le buone pratiche nella scuola e suggerisce risorse e materiali presenti in rete ed utili per la didattica. Lagune.[5] In der Lagune befinden sich 1. Inseln.[6] Sie erstreckt sich über etwa 5. Mündungen der Flüsse Adige (Etsch) im Süden und Piave im Norden in die Adria. Venedig war bis 1. Hauptstadt der Republik Venedig und mit über 1. Einwohnern eine der größten europäischen Städte. Bis ins 1. 6. Jahrhundert war sie eine der größten Handelsstädte, über die der Handel zwischen Westeuropa und dem östlichen Mittelmeer abgewickelt wurde. Venedig unterhielt die meisten Handels- und Kriegsschiffe. Ihr Adel profitierte vom Handel mit Luxuswaren, Gewürzen, Salz und Weizen. Venedig entwickelte sich zum größten Finanzzentrum und dominierte ein Kolonialreich, das von Oberitalien bis Kreta und zeitweise bis nach Zypern reichte.[7] Nach französischer und österreichischer Herrschaft zwischen 1. Venedig ein Teil Italiens. Industriekomplex Mestre- Marghera in die Comune di Venezia eingemeindet. Der jüdische Anteil der Bevölkerung wurde während des Zweiten Weltkriegs vernichtet. In den Jahren 1. 96. Stadt mit knapp 3. Einwohnern die höchste Bevölkerungszahl, die seitdem wieder um etwa 1. Einwohner zurückgegangen ist. Venedig und seine Lagune stehen seit 1. UNESCO- Liste des Weltkulturerbes.[8] Sie inspirierten besonders die Künstler und Venedig wurde zu einer der von Touristen am häufigsten aufgesuchten Städte. Seit einem Jahrhundert ist die wirtschaftliche Struktur der Altstadt einseitig auf den Tourismus ausgerichtet, während sich die industrielle Tätigkeit vor allem um Mestre und Marghera auf dem westlichen Festland konzentriert. Inhaltsverzeichnis. Geografie. 2Struktur der Altstadt. Strukturen der Festlandsstädte. Geschichte. 4. 1. Frühe Besiedlung. Byzantinischer Außenposten. Aufstieg zur Großmacht. Vierter Kreuzzug, Konflikt mit Genua, Aufstände. Metropole zwischen den Weltmächten. Niedergang, ständische Ordnung. Zugehörigkeit zu Frankreich und Österreich, Unabhängigkeitskampf (1. Königreich Italien. Industrialisierung, Tourismus, Erster Weltkrieg. Faschismus, Zweiter Weltkrieg, Vernichtung der jüdischen Gemeinde. Nachkriegskoalitionen, Streit um die Lagune und die festländische Industrie. Bevölkerung. 6Politik. Wirtschaft. 8Verkehr. Umwelt, Lagune, Gartenanlagen. Kunst und Kultur. Bildungswesen und Forschungseinrichtungen. Medien. 13. Sport. Persönlichkeiten. Literatur. 16. Filme. Weblinks. 18. Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen. Geografie. Geologie. Luftbild von Venedigs Altstadt, dem Centro Storico. Die Siedlungen, aus denen Venedig entstand, liegen auf Schwemmland, das nacheiszeitliche Flüsse hervorbrachten. Die in deren Mündungsgebiet entstandene Lagune umfasst eine Fläche von etwa 5. Sandbänken gegen die Adria abgegrenzt. Nur etwa drei Prozent dieser Fläche bedecken Inseln, der Rest besteht aus Watt- und Marschland, den Barene, die über 9. Fischfanggründen, den Valli da pesca. Die Barene werden von natürlichen Kanälen durchzogen, die man Ghebi nennt. Um 1. 90. 0 umfassten die Barene mehr als 2. Im Gegensatz zu den häufig überschwemmten Barene tragen die Velme, Untiefen, nur geringe Vegetation, weil sie nur bei sehr tiefem Wasserstand auftauchen.[9]Die Lagune entstand ab etwa 4. Chr. durch Ablagerungen der Brenta und anderer Flüsse und Bäche Oberitaliens. Diese Flusssedimente überdecken eine jungpleistozäne Grundschicht aus Lehm und Sand, die zwischen 5 und 2. Während der letzten Eiszeit lag der Meeresspiegel 1. Niveau vom Jahr 2. Chr. um 1. 10 m an. Seither steigt der Wasserspiegel unter starken Schwankungen langsam weiter. Venedig lag um 4. Chr. noch immer etwa 1,9 m unter dem Meeresspiegel des Jahres 1. Ab dem Hochmittelalter war die Lagune tiefgreifenden Veränderungen, wie der Umleitung von Zuflüssen ausgesetzt,[1. Wasserstand zu regeln und Verlandungen zu vermeiden. Seit dem frühen 2. Jahrhundert wurden zahlreiche Kanäle vertieft und verbreitert, was erheblich mehr Salzwasser in die Lagune führt und die Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten erhöht. Klima. Die Stadt liegt in der gemäßigten Klimazone. Die durchschnittliche Jahrestemperatur beträgt 1. C. Die wärmsten Monate sind Juli und August mit durchschnittlich 2. C, der kälteste Monat ist der Januar mit 3,0 °C. Die durchschnittliche Tageshöchsttemperatur beträgt im Juli und August 2. C. Die Lagune von Venedig wird durch das maritime Klima der nördlichen Adria geprägt. Dadurch erklären sich die Niederschlagsspitzen im Verlauf des einsetzenden Spätsommers, da sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt das Kontinentalklima vom osteuropäischen Festland, insbesondere den Karpaten (Bora- Winde) und dem folgend durch die Umkehrung der Wetterlage von der Südseite der mitteleuropäischen Alpen auswirkt. Der durchschnittliche Jahresniederschlag liegt bei 7. Der meiste Niederschlag fällt im November mit durchschnittlich 8. Januar mit durchschnittlich 5. Monatliche Durchschnittstemperaturen und - niederschläge für Venedig. Jan. Feb. Mär. Apr. Mai. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez. Max. Temperatur (°C)5,8. Min. Temperatur (°C)−0,9. Niederschlag (mm)3. Sonnenstunden (h/d)2,6. Regentage (d)7. 67. Wassertemperatur (°C)9. Luftfeuchtigkeit (%)8. Temperatur. Jan. Feb. Mär. Apr. Mai. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez. Niederschlag. Jan. Feb. Mär. Apr. Mai. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez. Flora und Fauna. Der nördliche Teil der 5. Lagune enthält vorwiegend Süßwasser und wird vom Gezeitenwechsel, der etwa 4. Er heißt daher Laguna morta (tote Lagune). Die Salzwasserlagune, deren Wasserstand mit Ebbe und Flut sinkt und steigt und die von Meerwasser stärker durchspült wird, heißt hingegen Laguna viva (lebende Lagune). Die Barene bieten einen günstigen Lebensraum für eine Vielzahl von Arten, doch wurden sie stark verkleinert. Bedeckten sie um 1. Prozent der Lagunenfläche, so waren es 1. Prozent,[1. 5] inzwischen sind es nur noch 4. Als in den 1. 96. Jahren ein weiteres Industriegebiet erschlossen werden sollte, wurden die Casse di colmata, wie diese genannt wurden, jeder wirtschaftlichen Nutzung entzogen, um sie zu einem Industriegebiet auszubauen. Dort wurden große Mengen an Schlamm und Beton eingebracht, so dass neue Inseln entstanden, die durchschnittlich 2 m über das Wasser ragten. Doch geriet das Projekt nach der katastrophalen Überschwemmung vom 4. November 1. 96. 6 in die Kritik, wurde 1. Inzwischen sind diese Gebiete von größter Bedeutung für Zugvögel geworden, ihr Kern umfasst 1. Der World Wide Fund For Nature erklärte das Gebiet zu einem der wichtigsten Schutzgebiete für Zugvögel in Europa, wozu auch die Fischgründe zählen. Flora und Fauna der venezianischen Gewässer sind von großem Artenreichtum geprägt.[1. Daher werden hier Aal, Meeräsche, Wolfsbarsch, Goldbrasse und viele andere Fischarten auf dem Markt angeboten. Sie kommen aus den Fischgründen der Lagune, wo auch Vögel, Säugetiere und Reptilien leben.Über 6. Vogelarten brüten allein in der Lagune.[1. An ortsfesten Vögeln findet man Stockente, Rohrweihe, Teichralle, Blässhuhn, Seeregenpfeifer, Fluss- Seeschwalbe, Beutelmeise, aber auch Purpurreiher, Nachtreiher, Rotschenkel und Haubentaucher. Zudem überwintern hier Haubentaucher und Schwarzhalstaucher, Silberreiher und verschiedene Entenvögel. Mehr als die Hälfte der Alpenstrandläufer, die in Italien überwintern, tun dies in der Lagune.[2. An Säugetieren finden sich die Zwergmaus, die Wasserspitzmaus, Iltis, Steinmarder, Große Wühlmaus, Mauswiesel, aber auch Braunbrustigel. Ebenso leben hier die Gelbgrüne Zornnatter, die Ringelnatter und die Würfelnatter. Hinzu kommen zahlreiche Insekten- und Spinnenarten. |
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